This group represented a sharp increase in birth rates and in the absolute number of births compared to pre-1946 levels.īias The influence of a scientist's personal values and attitudes on scientific observations and conclusions.īicultural The capacity to understand and function well in more than one cultural group.īirth rate Number of births per year per 1000 women 15 to 44 years old.īureaucracy A large-scale formal organization with centralized authority, a hierarchical chain of command, explicit rules and procedures, and an emphasis on formal positions rather than on persons.Ĭalling The idea in certain branches of ascetic Protestantism that one can live acceptably to God by fulfilling the obligations imposed by one's secular position in the world.Ĭapitalism A form of economic organization in which private individuals accumulate and invest capital, own the means of production, and control profits.Ĭaste system A closed system of social stratification in which prestige and social relationships are based on hereditary position at birth.Ĭentrally planned economy An economic system that includes public ownership of or control over all productive resources and whose activity is planned by the government.Ĭharisma The exceptional mystical or even supernatural quality of personality attributed to a person by others.
A condition of relative normlessness.Īnomie theory The theory suggesting that deviance and crime occur when there is an acute gap between cultural norms and goals and the socially structured opportunities for individuals to achieve those goals.Īnticipatory socialization The process of taking on the attitudes values and behaviors of a status or role one expects to occupy in the future.Īpartheid The recent policy of racial separation in South Africa enforced by legal political and military power.Īscribed status A social position (status) such as sex, race, and social class that a person acquires at birth.Īssimilation The merging of minority and majority groups into one group with a come mon culture and identity.Īssociation A group of people bound together by common goals and rules, but not necessarily by close personal ties.Īthletics A form of sport that is closer to work than to play.Īutocracy Rule or government concentrated in a single ruler or group of leaders who are willing to use force to maintain control.īaby boom The people who were born in the United States between 19. Absolute poverty The condition of having too little income to buy the necessities- food, shelter, clothing, health care.Īchieved status A social position (status) obtained through an individual's own talents and efforts.Īffirmative action The requirement that employers make special efforts to recruits hire and promote qualified members of previously excluded groups including women and minorities.Īggregate A collection of unrelated people who do not know one another but who may occupy a common space-for example, a crowd of people crossing a city street.Īgrarian societies Societies in which large scale cultivation using plows and draft animals is the primary means of subsistence.Īlienation The separation or estrangement of individuals from themselves and from others.Īmalgamation The biological as well as cultural assimilation (merging) of racial or ethnic groups.Īnomalies In science observations or problems that cannot be explained or solved in terms of a prevailing paradigm.Īnomie A breakdown or confusion in the norms, values, and culture of a group or a society.
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